Analisis Efisiensi Tata Ruang pada Perencanaan Rumah Tipe 136 dengan Pendekatan Desain Fungsional

Abstract

The growing demand for housing in Indonesia highlights the need for residential planning that is not only comfortable but also efficient and affordable. Type 136 houses, with a building area of 136 m², are a popular choice among the middle class as they are considered to provide spatial flexibility. However, in practice, common issues arise such as inefficient spatial layouts, suboptimal circulation, and high construction costs due to non-functional designs. This study aims to analyze the application of functional design in improving spatial efficiency of Type 136 houses through a comparative simulation between the conventional model (Model A) and the functional model (Model B). The findings reveal that functional design offers significant efficiency improvements in both spatial and material aspects. In terms of construction, wall usage decreased from 215 m² to 175 m² (saving 18.6%), while structural concrete requirements dropped by 9.4%. This directly reduced the total construction budget, from IDR 950,000,000 in the conventional design to IDR 800,000,000 in the functional design, representing a 15.8% saving. In spatial aspects, the effective usable area increased from 102 m² to 120 m² (+17.6%), while transition/residual spaces were reduced by nearly half, from 34 m² to 16 m² (-52.9%). Consequently, the spatial efficiency ratio rose from 75% in the conventional design to 88% in the functional design. These results confirm that functional design significantly enhances space efficiency and reduces construction costs without compromising housing quality. Therefore, this study provides practical insights for planners and developers in designing mid-size residential housing that is more efficient, economical, and aligned with community needs.